A Christmas Reflection on Jesus’ Birthday: By Dr. Phil Chan

Many thanks to Phil for writing this informative and interesting Christmas Message. It's truly worth a read. Comments are always welcome.

A Christmas Reflection on Jesus’ Birthday.

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Dear Andrew,

Thank you for inviting me to write again for Christmas 2024. I think, I will share excerpts from my recent invited public lecture on the Christmas Star at the Singapore National Gallery.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQWKjTvPgiM

Isaiah 9: 6 For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counsellor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Two historical passages were examined at the public talk, namely Luke 2: 8-20 (Baby Jesus, The Shepherds and Angels) and Matthew 2:1-10 Child Jesus and Magi (Wise men, Kings).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWMrNUggJ0U

The Story about O Little Town of Bethlehem carol.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-dDdKoHRxg

A possible clue for Jesus’s birthday comes from an unlikely historical account in Luke 1:5-25, 39-56 regarding the date of John the Baptist’s birth. This passage is not normally read during Christmas.

In the time of Herod king of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah; his wife Elizabeth was also a descendant of Aaron. Both of them were upright in the sight of God, observing all the Lord's commandments and regulations blamelessly. But they had no children because Elizabeth was barren; and they were both well along in years. 

Once when Zechariah's division was on duty; he was chosen by lot to serve as priest before God, according to the custom of the priesthood. He was to go into the temple of the Lord to burn incense. When the time for the burning of incense came, all the assembled worshippers were praying outside. Then an angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right side of the altar of incense. 

When Zechariah saw him, he was startled and gripped with fear. But the angel said to him: Do not be afraid, Zechariah; your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John. When his time of service was completed, he returned home. After this, his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. 

From the Old Testament, King David organized the priests (and the Levites) into 24 courses (1Chronicles 24:1-31). Abijah was the eighth of the priestly divisions (1Chronicles 24:10). This would mean the month of Sivan would be around May-June when Elizabeth got pregnant.

The Birth of Jesus Foretold (6 months after John):

Luke 1:26 In the sixth month, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, to a Virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin's name was Mary. The angel went to her and said, Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you. Luke 1:35 The angel answered Mary, Luke 1:36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child in her old age, and she who was said to be barren is in her sixth month. Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home. The above indicates there were 6 months between the conception of John and the conception of Jesus.

When was John born ?

If it is 9-month gestation, John would have been born in the month Nisan … (Mar-April) during the Passover/Unleavened Bread/First Fruits Festivals. See Hebrew calendar below.

https://www.neverthirsty.org/bible-qa/qa-archives/question/was-jesus-born-september-or-december-25-zacharias-john-baptist/

So when was Jesus born?

Jesus would have been born 6 months later, that would be in the month of Tishri (Sept-Oct) another 3 Festivals (one of them is the Feast of the Trumpets). This would be fitting as 1 Kings 1:32-34 informed us that when anointing a coming King, the ancients blow the trumpets. See Hebrew calendar above.

However, the current traditional date for Christmas was first decreed by the first Christian Roman Emperor, Constantine, to be December 25 as the official date to celebrate the birth of Jesus in 326 CE.

Now that we know when born Jesus was born, what about the year of His birth?

A 1980 Symposium at the famous Griffith Observatory (USA) discussed the historical significance of several astronomical events between 3 BC and 2 BC in an effort to establish the Christmas Star that the Magi (wise men from the East) might have noticed.

Who were the Magi from the East ?

They were likely from Babylon or Persia. One may note that in ancient times, the intellectual center of the world was Baghdad. Europe was busy persecuting heretics at that time but Baghdad was open to all thought. The Arabs invented algebra; algebra and algorithm are both Arabic words. In fact, two-third of the stars in the night sky have Arabic names.

At that time, great advances were made in fields such as Mathematics, astronomy, navigation, including engineering in the Middle East, especially in Baghdad. One may ask, “Why is that so?” The well-known Astrophysicist, Dr. deGrasse Tyson claimed “If you look at what was going on, they were open to all lines of thought. Jews, Muslims, Christians, doubters and atheists. They would all come around the table and share ideas. Through robust debates, if you have some philosophy that’s got holes in it, some one’s going find it and they’ve got to challenge you on those ideas. And what happens is that the conversation’s got ratchet up. You discard what doesn’t work and you keep what does. When you do that, you make discoveries rapidly.”

"Good philosophy must exist, if for no other reason, because bad philosophy needs to be answered." C.S. Lewis, Oxford.

Between 3 BC and 2 BC, the Magi would have taken notice of special conjunctions of Jupiter-Venus (Between Aug 3 BC and June 2 BC, both these two celestial objects “bound” together could easily be seen in the skies as they would be unusually bright) and would have alerted the Magi. One can use powerful computer sky maps programmed with the laws of physics today to confirm this observation. [See below.]

What is more interesting is that Jupiter (known as the King Star in ancient times) retrogrades (a peculiar motion of planets) in such way that “circles” around Regulus (this star is the brightest in the constellation Leo). Regulus is known as the little King star in that period and Leo being the Lion constellation is associated to the Hebrew tribe of Judah).

More details are given in a previous Christmas Star post (2022):

https://singapore60smusic.blogspot.com/2022/12/christmas-message-what-could-christmas.html

E. Martin, The Star That Astonished the World, ASK Pub. 1996. 

J. Mosley, The Christmas Star, Griffith Observatory, 1987.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3AZJvSRUak

In conclusion

It is often pointed out that there is a discrepancy between Luke’s and Mathew’s accounts on Jesus’ birth. The Shepherds saw Baby Jesus in a manger near Bethlehem while the wise men met Toddler Jesus in a house in Bethlehem (where the “King star” Jupiter stopped). But a careful reading of the Holy Scriptures would elucidate that the wise men met Jesus after more than a year of travelling from the East (probably 2000 km on horses or camels) by following the path of Jupiter’s retrograde motion. Jesus by then would be about one to two years old. Another clue comes from King Herod’s wanting to kill every child of that age when they heard from the wise men that a King had been born.

Jesus was likely born in September-October during 3 BC to 2 BC. The shepherds were not likely to have brought sheep out to the Judean hills (near Bethlehem) during the winter months in December. After about more than a year, the Maggi would have met toddler Jesus in December the following year.

It is also interesting that this year’s Jewish Festival of Lights or Hanukkah (also known as the Dedication of the Temple) coincides with Christmas 2024. Hanukkah is an eight-day festival in commemoration of the re-dedication during the 2 BC of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. According to John 10:22 Jesus was at the Hanukkah celebration.

Finally, at this traditional Christmas 2024, let us still be merry, enjoy ourselves and bring good tidings of Jesus to all man. Nehemiah 8:10 said, “Go and enjoy choice food and sweet drinks, and send some to those who have nothing prepared. This day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy of the Lord is your strength."

Isaiah 9: 6, For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counsellor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Wishing you and your family good health, a Blessed Christmas 2024 and a Happy New Year 2025.

Best Regards,

Phil

Author: 

Associate Prof. 

Dr. Phil Chan